100 Day's Of Cybersecurity - Day 3
Challenge Description
Our cybercrime unit has been investigating a well-known APT group for several months. The group has been responsible for several high-profile attacks on corporate organizations. However, what is interesting about that case, is that they have developed a custom command & control server of their own. Fortunately, our unit was able to raid the home of the leader of the APT group and take a memory capture of his computer while it was still powered on. Analyze the capture to try to find the source code of the server.
Volllllatility!!
imageinfo
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/challenge-files]
└─# volatility -f TrueSecrets.raw imageinfo
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6
INFO : volatility.debug : Determining profile based on KDBG search...
Suggested Profile(s) : Win7SP1x86_23418, Win7SP0x86, Win7SP1x86
AS Layer1 : IA32PagedMemoryPae (Kernel AS)
AS Layer2 : FileAddressSpace (/home/kali/Desktop/challenge-files/TrueSecrets.raw)
PAE type : PAE
DTB : 0x185000L
KDBG : 0x82732c78L
Number of Processors : 1
Image Type (Service Pack) : 1
KPCR for CPU 0 : 0x82733d00L
KUSER_SHARED_DATA : 0xffdf0000L
Image date and time : 2022-12-14 21:33:30 UTC+0000
Image local date and time : 2022-12-14 13:33:30 -0800
pslist
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/challenge-files]
└─# volatility -f TrueSecrets.raw --profile=Win7SP1x86_23418 pslist
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6
Offset(V) Name PID PPID Thds Hnds Sess Wow64 Start Exit
---------- -------------------- ------ ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
0x8378ed28 System 4 0 87 475 ------ 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x83e7e020 smss.exe 252 4 2 29 ------ 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x843cf980 csrss.exe 320 312 9 375 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x837f6280 wininit.exe 356 312 3 79 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x84402d28 csrss.exe 368 348 7 203 1 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x84409030 winlogon.exe 396 348 3 110 1 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x844577a0 services.exe 452 356 9 213 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x8445e030 lsass.exe 468 356 7 591 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x8445f030 lsm.exe 476 356 10 142 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x84488030 svchost.exe 584 452 10 347 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x844a2030 VBoxService.ex 644 452 11 116 0 0 2022-12-15 06:08:19 UTC+0000
0x844ab478 svchost.exe 696 452 7 243 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x844c3030 svchost.exe 752 452 18 457 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x845f5030 svchost.exe 864 452 16 399 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x845fcd28 svchost.exe 904 452 15 311 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x84484d28 svchost.exe 928 452 23 956 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x8e013488 svchost.exe 992 452 5 114 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x8e030a38 svchost.exe 1116 452 18 398 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x8e0525b0 spoolsv.exe 1228 452 13 275 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x84477d28 svchost.exe 1268 452 19 337 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:21 UTC+0000
0x8e0a2658 taskhost.exe 1352 452 9 223 1 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x844d2d28 dwm.exe 1448 864 3 69 1 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x8e0d3a40 explorer.exe 1464 1436 32 1069 1 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x8e1023a0 svchost.exe 1636 452 10 183 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x8e10d998 svchost.exe 1680 452 14 224 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x8e07d900 wlms.exe 1776 452 4 45 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x83825540 VBoxTray.exe 1832 1464 12 140 1 0 2022-12-14 21:08:22 UTC+0000
0x8e1cd8d0 sppsvc.exe 352 452 4 144 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:23 UTC+0000
0x8e1f6a40 svchost.exe 1632 452 5 91 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:23 UTC+0000
0x8e06f2d0 SearchIndexer. 856 452 13 626 0 0 2022-12-14 21:08:28 UTC+0000
0x91892030 TrueCrypt.exe 2128 1464 4 262 1 0 2022-12-14 21:08:31 UTC+0000
0x91865790 svchost.exe 2760 452 13 362 0 0 2022-12-14 21:10:23 UTC+0000
0x83911848 WmiPrvSE.exe 2332 584 5 112 0 0 2022-12-14 21:12:23 UTC+0000
0x8e1ef208 taskhost.exe 2580 452 5 86 1 0 2022-12-14 21:13:01 UTC+0000
0x8382f198 7zFM.exe 2176 1464 3 135 1 0 2022-12-14 21:22:44 UTC+0000
0x83c1d030 DumpIt.exe 3212 1464 2 38 1 0 2022-12-14 21:33:28 UTC+0000
0x83c0a030 conhost.exe 272 368 2 34 1 0 2022-12-14 21:33:28 UTC+0000
In the process list TrueCrypt.exe and 7zFM.exe stands out Lets Investigate that!
cmdline
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┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/challenge-files]
└─# volatility -f TrueSecrets.raw --profile=Win7SP1x86_23418 cmdline
Volatility Foundation Volatility Framework 2.6
************************************************************************
System pid: 4
************************************************************************
smss.exe pid: 252
Command line : \SystemRoot\System32\smss.exe
************************************************************************
csrss.exe pid: 320
Command line : %SystemRoot%\system32\csrss.exe ObjectDirectory=\Windows SharedSection=1024,12288,512 Windows=On SubSystemType=Windows ServerDll=basesrv,1 ServerDll=winsrv:UserServerDllInitialization,3 ServerDll=winsrv:ConServerDllInitialization,2 ServerDll=sxssrv,4 ProfileControl=Off MaxRequestThreads=16
************************************************************************
wininit.exe pid: 356
Command line :
************************************************************************
csrss.exe pid: 368
Command line : %SystemRoot%\system32\csrss.exe ObjectDirectory=\Windows SharedSection=1024,12288,512 Windows=On SubSystemType=Windows ServerDll=basesrv,1 ServerDll=winsrv:UserServerDllInitialization,3 ServerDll=winsrv:ConServerDllInitialization,2 ServerDll=sxssrv,4 ProfileControl=Off MaxRequestThreads=16
************************************************************************
winlogon.exe pid: 396
************************************************************************
services.exe pid: 452
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\services.exe
************************************************************************
lsass.exe pid: 468
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\lsass.exe
************************************************************************
lsm.exe pid: 476
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\lsm.exe
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 584
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k DcomLaunch
************************************************************************
VBoxService.ex pid: 644
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\VBoxService.exe
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 696
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k RPCSS
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 752
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k LocalServiceNetworkRestricted
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 864
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k LocalSystemNetworkRestricted
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 904
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k LocalService
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 928
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 992
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 1116
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k NetworkService
************************************************************************
spoolsv.exe pid: 1228
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\spoolsv.exe
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 1268
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k LocalServiceNoNetwork
************************************************************************
taskhost.exe pid: 1352
Command line : "taskhost.exe"
************************************************************************
dwm.exe pid: 1448
Command line :
************************************************************************
explorer.exe pid: 1464
Command line : C:\Windows\Explorer.EXE
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 1636
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k utcsvc
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 1680
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k LocalServiceAndNoImpersonation
************************************************************************
wlms.exe pid: 1776
************************************************************************
VBoxTray.exe pid: 1832
Command line : "C:\Windows\System32\VBoxTray.exe"
************************************************************************
sppsvc.exe pid: 352
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 1632
************************************************************************
SearchIndexer. pid: 856
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\SearchIndexer.exe /Embedding
************************************************************************
TrueCrypt.exe pid: 2128
Command line : "C:\Program Files\TrueCrypt\TrueCrypt.exe"
************************************************************************
svchost.exe pid: 2760
Command line : C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k secsvcs
************************************************************************
WmiPrvSE.exe pid: 2332
Command line : C:\Windows\system32\wbem\wmiprvse.exe
************************************************************************
taskhost.exe pid: 2580
Command line :
************************************************************************
7zFM.exe pid: 2176
Command line : "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7zFM.exe" "C:\Users\IEUser\Documents\backup_development.zip"
************************************************************************
DumpIt.exe pid: 3212
Command line : "C:\Users\IEUser\Downloads\DumpIt.exe"
************************************************************************
conhost.exe pid: 272
Command line : \??\C:\Windows\system32\conhost.exe "-180402527637560752-8319479621992226886-774806053592412399-20651748-1013740728
Under PID 2176 we can see that there’s one intresting ZIP File called backup_development.zip Lets Get that into our system for further analysis
Memory Dump
- As the memory dump is a zip file renmae it to
.zipand unzip it! - now the file extension is turned to
.tcwhich means truecrypt!!!
Download the TrueCrypt – Click here to download
After doing some research on truecrypt i found a volatility argument to fetch the password! here you go
TrueCrypt Mounted Successfully
There are 4 files in-total one is AgentServer.c and other 3 encrypted files
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
class AgentServer {
static void Main(String[] args)
{
var localPort = 40001;
IPAddress localAddress = IPAddress.Any;
TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(localAddress, localPort);
listener.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for remote connection from remote agents (infected machines)...");
TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
Console.WriteLine("Received remote connection");
NetworkStream cStream = client.GetStream();
string sessionID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
while (true)
{
string cmd = Console.ReadLine();
byte[] cmdBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(cmd);
cStream.Write(cmdBytes, 0, cmdBytes.Length);
byte[] buffer = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
int bytesRead = cStream.Read(buffer, 0, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
string cmdOut = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
string sessionFile = sessionID + ".log.enc";
File.AppendAllText(@"sessions\" + sessionFile,
Encrypt(
"Cmd: " + cmd + Environment.NewLine + cmdOut
) + Environment.NewLine
);
}
}
private static string Encrypt(string pt)
{
string key = "AKaPdSgV";
string iv = "QeThWmYq";
byte[] keyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);
byte[] ivBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(iv);
byte[] inputBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(pt);
using (DESCryptoServiceProvider dsp = new DESCryptoServiceProvider())
{
var mstr = new MemoryStream();
var crystr = new CryptoStream(mstr, dsp.CreateEncryptor(keyBytes, ivBytes), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
crystr.Write(inputBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
crystr.FlushFinalBlock();
return Convert.ToBase64String(mstr.ToArray());
}
}
}
In the above file there’s Key and the iv (Initialization Vector)
Lets Decrypt the other 3 files through online DES Decryptors https://devtoolcafe.com/tools/des
I tried to decrypt all the three files and found the flag in the third file
Flag
HTB{570g_53***********}
Web Login Bypassing Techniques
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